In this blog will be given the meaning of bioengineering and explanation of its branches with the aim of knowing what its function in the Society and how it operates in this, as well as encouraging people to read more on this subject that can solve many problems, in the sense that diseases become easier to treat and in the innovation of appliances for better Attention.

Bioengineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that runs from theoretical and non-experimental subjects to very current applications. Bioengineering can encompass research, development, application and operation. It is said that bioengineering, like medicine, has a very broad field for the study of it.

This is a discipline that applies physic-mathematical concepts and methods to solve life sciences problems, using the analytical and synthetic methodologies of engineering, this new branch of engineering was necessary since the technological advances in biology and medicine required of Professionals capable of understanding and applying the same knowledge of biology, for which the devices are designed and manufactured by engineers, bioengineering is a discipline that appeals to tools, methods and principles of engineering for the analysis of issues related to biology . Through this you can provide information of interest to those who work with everything related to living things.

The training of the Bioengineer comprises a solid base in engineering combined with the fundamental knowledge of medicine and biology, complemented with specific subjects of application of technology: electronics, computer science, robotics, acoustics, optics, etc., to meet the demands of medicine.This race was created with the aim of providing solutions to the health problems through the application of modern technological methods among the most important fields of bioengineering in the world can be mentioned:

· Biomaterials;

· Biomedical engineering;

· Hospital Engineering;

· Biomechanics;

· Biopsy;

· Biosensors;

· Clinical and Rehabilitation Engineering;

· Medical Informatics;

· Artificial Organs;

· Telemedicine;

· Medical technology.

Biomaterials

Biomaterials are intended for the manufacture of components, parts or appliances and medical systems for their application in living beings. They must be biocompatible: they are called bioinertants to those who have a null or very small influence on the living tissues that surround them are implanted in order to replace and / or restore living tissues and their functions, implying that they are exposed in a way Temporary or permanent damage to body fluids, although they may actually be located outside the body, including in this category most of the dental materials that have traditionally been treated separately.

The requirements that a biomaterial must fulfill are:

1. Be biocompatible, that is, it must be accepted by the organism, not cause it to develop rejection systems in the presence of the biomaterial.
2. Do not be toxic or carcinogenic.
3. Be chemically stable (not degraded over time) and inert.
4. Have adequate mechanical resistance.
5. Have a proper fatigue time.
6. Have adequate density and weight.
7. Have a perfect engineering design; That is, the size and shape of the implant should be adequate.
8. Be relatively inexpensive, reproducible and easy to manufacture and process for large-scale production.

Biomedical engineering

Biomedical engineering is the result of the application of the principles and techniques of engineering in the field of medicine. It is mainly devoted to the design and construction of sanitary products and health technologies such as medical equipment, prostheses, medical devices, diagnostic devices and therapy. He is also involved in the management and administration of technical resources linked to a hospital system. Combine engineering expertise with medical needs to gain health care benefits. Tissue culture, as well as the production of detergents, is a good part of bioengineering

Biomedical engineering is widely recognized as a multidisciplinary field, resulting from a broad spectrum of disciplines that influence it from diverse fields and sources of information. Because of its extreme diversity, it is not surprising that bioengineering focuses on a particular aspect. There are many different disciplinary breakdowns for this engineering, often described in:

•  Biomagnetism and brain techniques
• Biomedical imaging and optics
• Biomaterials
• Biomechanics and biotransport
• Medical device
• Medical instrumentation
• Molecular and cellular engineering
• Systems biology

Hospital engineering

Hospital engineering is a specialty of Civil Engineering, and deals precisely with the design and design of all constructions, including auxiliaries, accessories and others. This is responsible for the maintenance, design and evaluation of the structure, communication networks , Electrical networks, networks of medical gases, air conditioning areas of hospitals, clinics, health care entities, clinical engineering is in charge of the administrative part, ie is responsible for the maintenance of medical equipment and devices that exist in the Different areas of the clinics or hospitals and also knows the resolutions, decrees and laws that govern these entities providing health, and Biomedical engineering is the development of all medical technology, from the simplest (digital thermometer) to the most advanced (CT scan).

Biomechanics

Biomechanics is a scientific discipline dedicated to studying the activity of our body, under different circumstances and conditions, and analyzing the mechanical consequences that derive from our activity, using the knowledge of mechanics, engineering, anatomy, Physiology and other disciplines is interested in the movement of the human body and the mechanical charges and energies that are produced by this movement.

At present, Biomechanics is present in three fundamental areas of action:

1.    Medical biomechanics: responsible for evaluating the pathologies that afflict the human body to generate solutions capable of evaluating, repairing or mitigating them.

2.    Sports biomechanics: which analyzes sports practice to improve performance, develop training techniques and design complements, materials and equipment of high performance.

3.    Occupational biomechanics: whose mission is to study the interaction of the human body with our immediate environment, and that our work, home, driving vehicles, handling tools, etc., and adapt them to our needs and capabilities.

Biopsy

It is the extraction or removal of a small portion of tissue to be examined later in the laboratory, this is most often done to examine tissue in search of a pathology (pathology: part of the medicine that studies the anatomical and physiological disorders of tissues and The diseased organs, as well as the symptoms and signs through which the diseases and the causes that produce them are manifested.)

The risks of a biopsy include:

·       Bleeding

·       Infection

                                                    Biosensors

A biosensor is an instrument for the measurement of biological or chemical parameters. It usually combines a component of biological and physical-chemical nature.

It consists of three parts:

1.    The biological sensor: it can be a tissue, a culture of microorganisms, enzymes, antibodies, chains of nucleic acids, etc. The sensor can be taken from nature or be a product of synthetic biology.

2.    The transducer: couples the other two elements and translates the signal emitted by the sensor.

3.    The detector: can be optical, piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, etc.

 Clinical and Rehabilitation Engineering

Rehabilitation engineering is the use of science and engineering principles to develop technological solutions and devices to assist people with disabilities, and to help recover physical and cognitive functions lost due to illness or injury.

Medical Informatics

It is the intersection of information science, computer science and health care. It deals with the resources, devices and methods necessary to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval and use of information in health and biomedicine. Health computing tools include not only computers, but also clinical practice guides, formal medical terminology, and information and communication systems.

The Medical Informatics is based on four pillars which seek the development of a new paradigm for the management of the information, regarding the field of health, these are:

1.    Produce structures to represent data and knowledge.

2 Develop methods for a correct and orderly acquisition and representation of the data.

3.    Manage the change between processes and the people involved to optimize the use of information.

4.    Integrate information from different sources.

 Artificial Organs

An artificial organ is an artificial device that is implanted or integrated in a human to replace the organ of a person, with the purpose of restoring a specific function or a group of related functions, with which the patient can return to such a life Normal as possible. The role of substitution does not necessarily have to be related to life support.

Telemedicine

It is any medical act performed without direct physical contact between the

professional and the patient, or between professionals among themselves, by means of some telematic system. In other words, telemedicine uses information technology and telecommunications (through telematic systems) to provide or support medical care, regardless of the distance that separates service providers.

It is a technological resource that enables the optimization of health care services, saving time and money and facilitating access to distant areas to get specialist attention. Another benefit of using medical data transmission over adequate networks is education, where medical and nursing students can learn semiology remotely, supported by their teacher and with the presence of the patient. Thus we can define the following services, which telemedicine provides:

- Supplementary and instant services to the attention of a specialist (obtaining a second opinion).

- Immediate diagnosis by a specialist doctor in a certain area.

- Remote education of students in nursing and medical schools.

- Digital archive services for radiological exams, ultrasounds and others.

Medical technology

Medical technology is an area of complementary knowledge to the health sciences whose purpose is to carry out procedures for research, diagnosis and treatment of various diseases under the supervision and supervision of the treating physician.